Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.

Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
bought a jar last week.

On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 12:28:45 PM UTC-4, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
> Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
> got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>
> Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
> taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
> bought a jar last week.



I like Peter Pan better than Jiff now but Planters tastes more like roasted peanuts but I never see it now.

On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 6:28:45 AM UTC-10, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
> Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
> got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>
> Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
> taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
> bought a jar last week.

The natural peanut butter products from Jif and Skippy are kind of revolutionary. They have a smoother texture and do not use hydrogenated oils as stabilizers. You will get some oil separation but it's not like the old natural peanut butters. I can't say how they do it.

On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 1:38:46 PM UTC-4, dsi1 wrote:
> On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 6:28:45 AM UTC-10, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> > Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
> > Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
> > got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
> >
> > Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> > Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
> > taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
> > bought a jar last week.
>
> The natural peanut butter products from Jif and Skippy are kind of revolutionary. They have a smoother texture and do not use hydrogenated oils as stabilizers. You will get some oil separation but it's not like the old natural peanut butters. I can't say how they do it.

PEANUTS, SUGAR, PALM OIL, CONTAINS 2% OR LESS OF: SALT, MOLASSES.

Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperature, unlike peanut oil.

I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.


Cindy Hamilton

On Mon, 1 Oct 2018 03:18:37 -0700 (PDT), Cindy Hamilton
> wrote:

>On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 1:38:46 PM UTC-4, dsi1 wrote:
>> On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 6:28:45 AM UTC-10, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>> > Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
>> > Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
>> > got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>> >
>> > Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
>> > Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
>> > taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
>> > bought a jar last week.
>>
>> The natural peanut butter products from Jif and Skippy are kind of revolutionary. They have a smoother texture and do not use hydrogenated oils as stabilizers. You will get some oil separation but it's not like the old natural peanut butters. I can't say how they do it.
>
>PEANUTS, SUGAR, PALM OIL, CONTAINS 2% OR LESS OF: SALT, MOLASSES.
>
>Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperature, unlike peanut oil.
>
>I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.

Palm oil is largely reponsible for the near extinction of the
orangutan. Don't buy products with palm oil if you have half a heart.

On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 12:18:40 AM UTC-10, Cindy Hamilton wrote:
>
> PEANUTS, SUGAR, PALM OIL, CONTAINS 2% OR LESS OF: SALT, MOLASSES.
>
> Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperature, unlike peanut oil.
>
> I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.
>
>
> Cindy Hamilton

That might explain it although I doubt that it would be semi-solid in the tropics. The peanuts are ground to a finer particle size in these products which could also be a factor. I think that makes it a smoother, more pleasant, peanut butter.

On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 1:31:55 PM UTC-4, dsi1 wrote:
> On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 12:18:40 AM UTC-10, Cindy Hamilton wrote:
> >
> > PEANUTS, SUGAR, PALM OIL, CONTAINS 2% OR LESS OF: SALT, MOLASSES.
> >
> > Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperature, unlike peanut oil.
> >
> > I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.
> >
> >
> > Cindy Hamilton
>
> That might explain it although I doubt that it would be semi-solid in the tropics.

July and August in Ann Arbor, MI, are about the same temperature as July and
August in Kaneohe, HI. Granted, I air-condition my house to 71 F, but we
don't get anything resembling a sea breeze here.

> The peanuts are ground to a finer particle size in these products which could also be a factor. I think that makes it a smoother, more pleasant, peanut butter.

To each their own. I just finished a jar of chunky peanut butter; I had
forgotten how much I liked it.

Cindy Hamilton

On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 8:11:38 AM UTC-10, Cindy Hamilton wrote:
>
> To each their own. I just finished a jar of chunky peanut butter; I had
> forgotten how much I liked it.
>
> Cindy Hamilton

Chunky peanut butter is fine. I'm saying that the natural products from Jif and Skippy are different from regular peanut butters because they're processed differently.

Cindy Hamilton wrote:
>
> I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.

Try making your own from Planter's Dry Roasted salted peanuts.
I've had that and it was good. I really prefer them plain out of
the jar better. For peanut butter, Jif if my first and only
choice. That's the taste I'm used to and like.

On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 2:41:21 PM UTC-4, Gary wrote:
> Cindy Hamilton wrote:
> >
> > I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.
>
> Try making your own from Planter's Dry Roasted salted peanuts.
> I've had that and it was good. I really prefer them plain out of
> the jar better. For peanut butter, Jif if my first and only
> choice. That's the taste I'm used to and like.

The whole point of peanut butter is that it's already prepared. If
I have to make peanut butter to smear a tablespoon on a couple of
crackers, it's not worth it.


Cindy Hamilton

On 2018-10-01 3:18 PM, Cindy Hamilton wrote:
> On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 2:41:21 PM UTC-4, Gary wrote:
>> Cindy Hamilton wrote:
>>>
>>> I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.
>>
>> Try making your own from Planter's Dry Roasted salted peanuts.
>> I've had that and it was good. I really prefer them plain out of
>> the jar better. For peanut butter, Jif if my first and only
>> choice. That's the taste I'm used to and like.
>
> The whole point of peanut butter is that it's already prepared. If
> I have to make peanut butter to smear a tablespoon on a couple of
> crackers, it's not worth it.
>
>

Perhaps, but if it is really good freshly made it would be worth the
effort.

On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:

> Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> Natural chunk.Â* Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
> taste.Â* I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
> bought a jar last week.

At least it's not a Nestle product.

I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
jes eat Beer Nuts.

nb

"notbob" > wrote in message
...
> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>
>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a
>> little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long
>> time and finally bought a jar last week.
>
> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>
> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
> flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
> OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
> jes eat Beer Nuts.
>
> nb


I usually make my own PB since I use very little of it.

Cheri

So, making pb on the spot means you have peanuts all the time but not a jar that can last years. I am jealous.

"Thomas" > wrote in message
...
> So, making pb on the spot means you have peanuts all the time but not a
> jar that can last years. I am jealous.


No. I don't keep jars of PB around since I overeat it, but I most always
have peanuts in the shell for the bluejays. If I want some PB I just whiz up
a few in the grinder, add a bit of oil, a drop of Sweetzfree and use it that
way. Tastes fine and easy for me.

Cheri

On 9/30/2018 4:15 PM, Cheri wrote:
> "Thomas" > wrote in message
> ...
>> So, making pb on the spot means you have peanuts all the time but not
>> a jar that can last years. I am jealous.
>
>
> No. I don't keep jars of PB around since I overeat it, but I most always
> have peanuts in the shell for the bluejays. If I want some PB I just
> whiz up a few in the grinder, add a bit of oil, a drop of Sweetzfree and
> use it that way. Tastes fine and easy for me.
>
> Cheri

The difference is you add sweetener.

Jill

"Thomas" > wrote in message
...
> So, making pb on the spot means you have peanuts all the time but not a
> jar that can last years. I am jealous.

You can buy bulk nuts in small amounts.

"Cheri" wrote in message news
"notbob" > wrote in message
...
> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>
>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a
>> little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long
>> time and finally bought a jar last week.
>
> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>
> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
> flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
> OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
> jes eat Beer Nuts.
>
> nb


I usually make my own PB since I use very little of it.

===

Share your recipe please? D loves Peanut butter



Cheri

"Ophelia" > wrote in message
...
>
>
> "Cheri" wrote in message news >
> "notbob" > wrote in message
> ...
>> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>>
>>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a
>>> little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long
>>> time and finally bought a jar last week.
>>
>> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>>
>> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
>> flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
>> OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
>> jes eat Beer Nuts.
>>
>> nb
>
>
> I usually make my own PB since I use very little of it.
>
> ===
>
> Share your recipe please? D loves Peanut butter
>
>
>
> Cheri


There is no recipe, a few shelled peanuts in the grinder that came with the
Bamix, a couple of drops or so of oil, and for me a drop of Sweetzfree all
whizzed together.

Cheri

On 9/30/2018 3:16 PM, Cheri wrote:
> "Ophelia" > wrote in message
> ...
>>
>>
>> "Cheri"* wrote in message news >>
>> "notbob" > wrote in message
>> ...
>>> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>>>
>>>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference,
>>>> but a little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf
>>>> for a long time and finally bought a jar last week.
>>>
>>> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>>>
>>> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve
>>> the flavor.* I no longer eat PB.* Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's
>>> Natural. OTOH, most PBs contain sugar.* If I'm gonna partake of
>>> sugar/salt, I'll jes eat Beer Nuts.*
>>>
>>> nb
>>
>>
>> I usually make my own PB since I use very little of it.
>>
>> ===
>>
>> Share your recipe please?* D loves Peanut butter
>>
>>
>>
>> Cheri
>
>
> There is no recipe, a few shelled peanuts in the grinder that came with
> the Bamix, a couple of drops or so of oil, and for me a drop of
> Sweetzfree all whizzed together.
>
> Cheri

I have been making my own peanut butter for years now - I just put
roasted unsalted peanuts in the food processor and process until smooth
and creamy - about 4 minutes for a pound of peanuts. No extra oil,
sugar or salt. I keep it in the refrigerator so it doesn't separate.

"Cheri" wrote in message news
"Ophelia" > wrote in message
...
>
>
> "Cheri" wrote in message news >
> "notbob" > wrote in message
> ...
>> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>>
>>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a
>>> little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long
>>> time and finally bought a jar last week.
>>
>> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>>
>> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
>> flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
>> OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
>> jes eat Beer Nuts.
>>
>> nb
>
>
> I usually make my own PB since I use very little of it.
>
> ===
>
> Share your recipe please? D loves Peanut butter
>
>
>
> Cheri


There is no recipe, a few shelled peanuts in the grinder that came with the
Bamix, a couple of drops or so of oil, and for me a drop of Sweetzfree all
whizzed together.

Cheri

===

That is a recipe for me) Thanks

"notbob" > wrote in message
...
> On 9/30/2018 10:28 AM, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>
>> Yep, tried and liked Skippy Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a
>> little fresher peanut taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long
>> time and finally bought a jar last week.
>
> At least it's not a Nestle product.
>
> I usta favor Jif, but then I realized they use sugar/salt to improve the
> flavor. I no longer eat PB. Yes, I've tried Laura Scudder's Natural.
> OTOH, most PBs contain sugar. If I'm gonna partake of sugar/salt, I'll
> jes eat Beer Nuts.

We made our own when I was a kid. Got a Mr. Peanut peanut butter maker as a
kid. Put the nuts in his hat, turn a crank and the peanut butter came out of
his arm pit into a dish. Want chunks? Add a chopped peanut or two. Made just
enough for a sandwich. Loved it till it died!

"Ed Pawlowski" > wrote in message
...
> Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
> Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never got
> past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>
> Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut taste.
> I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally bought a jar
> last week.

I will generally buy any of those. Did not buy Peter Pan for a time after
the massive recall. Has to be chunky for me. Do not like smooth. I just buy
what is on sale. But has has to be one of those three. Never the store
brand. Tried a store brand once. Ick.

On Sunday, September 30, 2018 at 11:28:45 AM UTC-5, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
> Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
> got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>
> Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
> Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
> taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
> bought a jar last week.

I buy whatever peanut butter which has NO SUGARS in it!!

Just peanuts and salt!

John Kuthe...

On 9/30/2018 2:08 PM, l not -l wrote:
> On 30-Sep-2018, Ed Pawlowski > wrote:
>
>> Since is was a kid, the peanut butter of choice has been Skippy Chunk.
>> Trued Jif, tried Peter Pan, tried some form of fresh ground, but never
>> got past the one jar and back to Skippy chunk.
>>
>> Well, nearly 70 years later I'm changing. Yep, tried and liked Skippy
>> Natural chunk. Not a huge difference, but a little fresher peanut
>> taste. I've looked at it on the shelf for a long time and finally
>> bought a jar last week.

> I hope you enjoy it as much as I do Smucker's Natural Chunky (it has not
> sugar added, it's just peanuts and salt).
>
> If the separation that occurs with natural peanut butter is difficult for
> you to overcome with spoon/knife/whatever, I highly recommend Grandpa
> Witmer's Natural Peanut Butter Hand Mixer; the twist knob version is easier
> to use if arthritic.
> http://www.witmerproducts.com/pbutter.html
>
Hey! That's cool! I don't have a problem with using a knife to stir
PB but if I ever do I'll consider something like that. Thanks!

Jill

On 10/1/2018 5:50 PM, l not -l wrote:

> Eventually, I got past my snobbery and concluded that, unless I was willing
> to fresh grind for each use of PB, it was a waste of time and effort; I am
> not willing to grind fresh PB each time I want a sandwich or whatever other
> use I might make of it. Smocker's Natural Crunchy is as good as I ever made
> or bought fresh made, at least after the first day.
>

One reason I have PB on hand is the ease of use. In a hurry? Grab a
piece of bread or a couple of crackers and you have a snack to hold you
over on the way to work, etc. I certainly never wanted to grind my nuts
at 5:30 AM.

On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 8:09:56 PM UTC-4, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> On 10/1/2018 5:50 PM, l not -l wrote:
>
> > Eventually, I got past my snobbery and concluded that, unless I was willing
> > to fresh grind for each use of PB, it was a waste of time and effort; I am
> > not willing to grind fresh PB each time I want a sandwich or whatever other
> > use I might make of it. Smocker's Natural Crunchy is as good as I ever made
> > or bought fresh made, at least after the first day.
> >
>
> One reason I have PB on hand is the ease of use. In a hurry? Grab a
> piece of bread or a couple of crackers and you have a snack to hold you
> over on the way to work, etc. I certainly never wanted to grind my nuts
> at 5:30 AM.

Oh, Ed. Such a straight line.

Cindy Hamilton

writes:
>On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 8:09:56 PM UTC-4, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
>> On 10/1/2018 5:50 PM, l not -l wrote:
>>
>> > Eventually, I got past my snobbery and concluded that, unless I was willing
>> > to fresh grind for each use of PB, it was a waste of time and effort; I am
>> > not willing to grind fresh PB each time I want a sandwich or whatever other
>> > use I might make of it. Smocker's Natural Crunchy is as good as I ever made
>> > or bought fresh made, at least after the first day.
>> >
>>
>> One reason I have PB on hand is the ease of use. In a hurry? Grab a
>> piece of bread or a couple of crackers and you have a snack to hold you
>> over on the way to work, etc. I certainly never wanted to grind my nuts
>> at 5:30 AM.
>
>Oh, Ed. Such a straight line.
>
>Cindy Hamilton


well technically they're not nuts


I use the grinder at Fred Meyer - seems like most good sized grocery
stores ought to have one over by the bulk foods

if you like it salty, then salt it after spreading - that's what I do

On Wednesday, October 3, 2018 at 4:50:05 PM UTC-4, tert in seattle wrote:
> writes:
> >On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 8:09:56 PM UTC-4, Ed Pawlowski wrote:
> >> On 10/1/2018 5:50 PM, l not -l wrote:
> >>
> >> > Eventually, I got past my snobbery and concluded that, unless I was willing
> >> > to fresh grind for each use of PB, it was a waste of time and effort; I am
> >> > not willing to grind fresh PB each time I want a sandwich or whatever other
> >> > use I might make of it. Smocker's Natural Crunchy is as good as I ever made
> >> > or bought fresh made, at least after the first day.
> >> >
> >>
> >> One reason I have PB on hand is the ease of use. In a hurry? Grab a
> >> piece of bread or a couple of crackers and you have a snack to hold you
> >> over on the way to work, etc. I certainly never wanted to grind my nuts
> >> at 5:30 AM.
> >
> >Oh, Ed. Such a straight line.
> >
> >Cindy Hamilton
>
>
> well technically they're not nuts
>
>
> I use the grinder at Fred Meyer - seems like most good sized grocery
> stores ought to have one over by the bulk foods

Very few (I can't recall any) grocery stores here have bulk foods.

> if you like it salty, then salt it after spreading - that's what I do

Or, I could just buy peanut butter.

Cindy Hamilton

On Thu, 4 Oct 2018 03:17:00 -0700 (PDT), Cindy Hamilton
> wrote:

>On Wednesday, October 3, 2018 at 4:50:05 PM UTC-4, tert in seattle wrote:
>>
>> I use the grinder at Fred Meyer - seems like most good sized grocery
>> stores ought to have one over by the bulk foods
>
>Very few (I can't recall any) grocery stores here have bulk foods.
>
>> if you like it salty, then salt it after spreading - that's what I do
>
>Or, I could just buy peanut butter.

Wouldn't you rather get up an hour extra early, grind peanuts, spread
them out, add salt, scrape it all into a jar and go to work? Buying
peanut butter's such a cop out.

As for me, I do like peanuts.

Each year a friend brings me about 3 pounds of fresh in the
shell. Her family owns a farm out in farmville that they rent to
some farmer. He pays rent and also splits profit with them from
farming. He does peanuts mostly.

I oven roast them plain in the shell and enjoy snacking on them.
I also like Planter's Dry Roasted peanuts and very salty.
For peanut butter, I don't want the natural that has to be
stirred or kept in the fridge. That peanut butter is TOO
natural and tastes TOO MUCH like plain peanuts to me.

Not a good taste for a sandwich for me either.
For sandwiches or cracker spreads,
Give me Jiff or give me death! lol

It lives in the pantry at room temperature and is immediately
available to spread at a moments notice. Also the sugar added
works for me. I love the taste.

"l not -l" wrote in message ...


On 1-Oct-2018, wrote:

> On 2018-10-01 3:18 PM, Cindy Hamilton wrote:
> > On Monday, October 1, 2018 at 2:41:21 PM UTC-4, Gary wrote:
> >> Cindy Hamilton wrote:
> >>>
> >>> I've never found a natural peanut butter that was salty enough for me.
> >>
> >> Try making your own from Planter's Dry Roasted salted peanuts.
> >> I've had that and it was good. I really prefer them plain out of
> >> the jar better. For peanut butter, Jif if my first and only
> >> choice. That's the taste I'm used to and like.
> >
> > The whole point of peanut butter is that it's already prepared. If
> > I have to make peanut butter to smear a tablespoon on a couple of
> > crackers, it's not worth it.
> >
> >
>
> Perhaps, but if it is really good freshly made it would be worth the
> effort.
For a number of years I made my own, using a wonderful Salton Peanut Butter
Maker. When it died and a replacement was not available, I started buying
PB ground fresh to order at a local store. What I found was, it is only
fresh ground good for a few hours; PB a few days old was no better than I
could get in a jar. YMMV. I did love being a PB snob and telling people
how simple it was to make and how much better it was, implying a higher
level of sophistication than those who simply bought a jar of PB dreck.

I bet you were really good at it as well LOL

Eventually, I got past my snobbery and concluded that, unless I was willing
to fresh grind for each use of PB, it was a waste of time and effort; I am
not willing to grind fresh PB each time I want a sandwich or whatever other
use I might make of it. Smocker's Natural Crunchy is as good as I ever made
or bought fresh made, at least after the first day.

--
"When in doubt, don't." - Benjamin Franklin