"pearl" > wrote in message news:
> "Jon Leipzig" > wrote in message news:
> >

> Could Mad Cow Disease Already be Killing Thousands of Americans Every
Year?
> by Michael Greger, M.D.

Pearl you're such a gem. Notice this is a question, not a statement.
(could Mad Martians be causing Mad Human Disease??)

>>the doctor counseled his family.[1,2,3] Peter's tragic death, October
2002,
>>may have been caused by Mad Cow disease.

keyword: may

>>These were the first five named victims of Britain's Mad Cow epidemic.
They died from what the British
> Secretary of Health called the worst form of death imaginable,
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,
> a relentlessly progressive and invariably fatal human dementia.

Well, no, they they didn't die from MC, they died from CJD, variations of
which have been around long before the first MC.

> It is now considered an "incontestable fact" that these human deaths in
Britain were
> caused by Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow disease

No surprise it's considered "incontestable", no naysayers are allowed to the
party.
Yes it is a party (just keep focused on these evil Prions, and you'll get
lotsa dough for "research")
They won't fund anyone with a different point of view.




> The CJD caused by infected meat has tended to strike younger people, has
produced
> more psychotic symptoms, and has often dragged on for a year or more. The
most
> defining characteristic, though, was found when their brains were sampled.
The brain
> pathology was vividly reminiscent of Kuru, a disease once found in a New
Guinea tribe
> of cannibals who ate the brains of their dead.[13] Scientists called this
new form of the
> disease "variant" CJD.
>
> Other than Charlene, a 24 year old woman now so tragically dying in
Florida, who was
> probably infected in Britain, there have been no reported cases of variant
CJD in the
> U.S.[14] Hundreds of confirmed cases of the sporadic form of
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,
> however, arise in the United States every year,[15] but the beef industry
is quick to point
> out these are cases of sporadic CJD, not the new variant known to be
caused by Mad
> Cow disease.[16] Of course, no one knows what causes sporadic CJD. New
research,
> discussed below, suggests that not hundreds but thousands of Americans die
of sporadic
> CJD every year, and that some of these CJD deaths may be caused by eating
infected
> meat after all.
>
> Although the fact that Mad Cow disease causes variant CJD had already been
strongly
> established, researchers at the University College of London nevertheless
created
> transgenic mice complete with "humanized" brains genetically engineered
with human genes
> to try to prove the link once and for all. When the researchers injected
one strain of the
> "humanized" mice with infected cow brains, they came down with the same
brain damage
> seen in human variant CJD, as expected. But when they tried this in a
different strain of
> transgenic "humanized" mice, those mice got sick too, but most got sick
from what looked
> exactly like sporadic CJD! The Mad Cow prions caused a disease that had a
molecular
> signature indistinguishable from sporadic CJD. To the extent that animal
experiments can
> simulate human results, their shocking conclusion was that eating infected
meat might be
> responsible for some cases of sporadic CJD in addition to the expected
variant CJD. The
> researchers concluded that "it is therefore possible that some patients
with [what looks like]
> ... sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure."[17] Laura
Manuelidis,
> section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale
University comments,
> "Now people are beginning to realize that because something looks like
sporadic CJD
> they can't necessarily conclude that it's not linked to [Mad Cow
disease]..."[18]
>
> This is not the first time meat was linked to sporadic CJD. In 2001, a
team of French
> researchers found, to their complete surprise, a strain of scrapie--"mad
sheep"
> disease--that caused the same brain damage in mice as sporadic CJD.[19]
"This means we
> cannot rule out that at least some sporadic CJD may be caused by some
strains of scrapie,"
> says team member Jean-Philippe Deslys of the French Atomic Energy
Commission's medical
> research laboratory.[20]
>
> Population studies had failed to show a link between CJD and lamb chops,
but this French
> research provided an explanation why. There seem to be six types of
sporadic CJD and
> there are more than 20 strains of scrapie. If only some sheep strains
affect only some people,
> studies of entire populations may not clearly show the relationship.
Monkeys fed infected
> sheep brains certainly come down with the disease.[21] Hundreds of "mad
sheep" were found
> in the U.S. in 2003.[22] Scrapie remains such a problem in the United
States that the USDA
> has issued a scrapie "declaration of emergency."[23] Maybe some cases of
sporadic CJD in
> the U.S. are caused by sheep meat as well.[24]
>
> Pork is also a potential source of infection. Cattle remains are still
boiled down and legally
> fed to pigs (as well as chickens) in this country. The FDA allows this
exemption because no
> "naturally occurring" porcine (pig) spongiform encephalopathy has ever
been found. But
> American farmers typically kill pigs at just five months of age, long
before the disease is
> expected to show symptoms. And, because pigs are packed so tightly
together, it would
> be difficult to spot neurological conditions like spongiform
encephalopathies, whose most
> obvious symptoms are movement and gait disturbances. We do know, however,
that pigs
> are susceptible to the disease--laboratory experiments show that pigs can
indeed be
> infected by Mad Cow brains[25]--and hundreds of thousands of downer pigs,
too sick
> or crippled by injury to even walk, arrive at U.S. slaughterhouses every
year.[26]
>
> A number of epidemiological studies have suggested a link between pork
consumption
> and sporadic CJD. Analyzing peoples' diet histories, the development of
CJD was
> associated with eating roast pork, ham, hot dogs, pork chops, smoked pork,
and
> scrapple (a kind of pork pudding made from various hog carcass scraps).
The
> researchers concluded, "The present study indicated that consumption of
pork as well
> as its processed products (e.g., ham, scrapple) may be considered as risk
factors in the
> development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease." Compared to people that didn't
eat ham,
> for example, those who included ham in their diet seemed ten times more
likely to
> develop CJD.[27] In fact, the USDA may have actually recorded an outbreak
of
> "mad pig" disease in New York 25 years ago, but still refuses to reopen
the
> investigation despite petitions from the Consumer's Union (the publishers
of Consumer
> Reports magazine).[28]
>
> Sporadic CJD has also been associated with weekly beef consumption,[29] as
well
> as the consumption of roast lamb,[30] veal, venison, brains in
general,[31] and, in
> North America, seafood.[32,33] The development of CJD has also,
surprisingly,
> been significantly linked to exposure to animal products in
fertilizer,[34] sport fishing
> and deer hunting in the U.S.,[35] and frequent exposure to leather
products.[36]
>
> We do not know at this time whether chicken meat poses a risk. There was a
preliminary
> report of ostriches allegedly fed risky feed in German zoos who seemed to
come down
> with a spongiform encephalopathy.[37] Even if chickens and turkeys
themselves are not
> susceptible, though, they may become so-called "silent carriers" of Mad
Cow prions and
> pass them on to human consumers.[38] Dateline NBC quoted D. Carleton
Gajdusek, the
> first to be awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on prion
diseases,[39] as
> saying, "it's got to be in the pigs as well as the cattle. It's got to be
passing through the
> chickens."[40] Dr. Paul Brown, medical director for the US Public Health
Service,
> believes that pigs and poultry could indeed be harboring Mad Cow disease
and passing
> it on to humans, adding that pigs are especially sensitive to the disease.
"It's speculation,"
> he says, "but I am perfectly serious."[41]
>
> The recent exclusion of most cow brains, eyes, spinal cords, and
intestines from the human
> food supply may make beef safer, but where are those tissues going? These
potentially
> infectious tissues continue to go into animal feed for chickens, other
poultry, pigs, and
> pets (as well as being rendered into products like tallow for use in
cosmetics, the safety
> of which is currently under review[42]). Until the federal government
stops the feeding of
> slaughterhouse waste, manure, and blood to all farm animals, the safety of
meat in America
> cannot be guaranteed.
>
> The hundreds of American families stricken by sporadic CJD every year have
been told
> that it just occurs by random chance. Professor Collinge, the head of the
University College
> of London lab, noted "When you counsel those who have the classical
sporadic disease,
> you tell them that it arises spontaneously out of the blue. I guess we can
no longer say that."
>
> "We are not saying that all or even most cases of sporadic CJD are as a
result of BSE
> exposure," Professor Collinge continued, "but some more recent cases may
be-- the
> incidence of sporadic CJD has shown an upward trend in the UK over the
last decade...
> serious consideration should be given to a proportion of this rise being
BSE-related.
> Switzerland, which has had a substantial BSE epidemic, has noted a sharp
recent
> increase in sporadic CJD."[43] In the Nineties, Switzerland had the
highest rate of Mad
> Cow disease in continental Europe, and their rate of sporadic CJD
doubled.[44]
>
> We don't know exactly what's happening to the rate of CJD in this country,
in part
> because CJD is not an officially notifiable illness.[45] Currently only a
few states have
> such a requirement. Because the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) does not
actively
> monitor the disease on a national level,[46] a rise similar to the one in
Europe could be
> missed.[47] In spite of this, a number of U.S. CJD clusters have already
been found.
> In the largest known U.S. outbreak of sporadic cases to date,[48] five
times the
> expected rate was found to be associated with cheese consumption in
Pennsylvania's
> Lehigh Valley.[49] A striking increase in CJD over expected levels was
also reported
> in Florida[50] and New York (Nassau County)[51] with anecdotal reports of
clusters
> of deaths in Oregon[52] and New Jersey.[53]
>
> Perhaps particularly worrisome is the seeming increase in CJD deaths among
young
> people in this country. In the 18 years between 1979 and 1996, only a
single case of
> sporadic CJD was found in someone under 30. Whereas between 1997 and 2001,
> five people under 30 died of sporadic CJD. So five young Americans dying
in five
> years, as opposed to one young case in the previous 18 years. The true
prevalence
> of CJD among any age group in this country remains a mystery, though, in
part
> because it is so commonly misdiagnosed.[54]
>
> The most frequent misdiagnosis of CJD among the elderly is Alzheimer's
disease.[55]
> Neither CJD nor Alzheimer's can be conclusively diagnosed without a brain
biopsy,[56]
> and the symptoms and pathology of both diseases overlap. There can be
spongy changes
> in Alzheimer's, for example, and senile Alzheimer's plaques in CJD.[57]
Stanley Prusiner,
> the scientist who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of prions,
speculates that
> Alzheimer's may even turn out to be a prion disease as well.[58] In
younger victims,
> CJD is more often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis or as a severe viral
infection.[59]
>
> Over the last 20 years the rates of Alzheimer's disease in the United
States have
> skyrocketed.[60] According to the CDC, Alzheimer's Disease is now the
eighth leading
> cause of death in the United States,[61] afflicting an estimated 4 million
Americans.[62]
> Twenty percent or more of people clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's
disease, though,
> are found at autopsy not to have had Alzheimer's at all.[63] A number of
autopsy studies
> have shown that a few percent of Alzheimer's deaths may in fact be CJD.
Given the new
> research showing that infected beef may be responsible for some sporadic
CJD, thousands
> of Americans may already be dying because of Mad Cow disease every
year.[64]
>
> Nobel Laureate Gajdusek, for example, estimates that 1% of people showing
up in
> Alzheimer clinics actually have CJD.[65] At Yale, out of a series of 46
patients clinically
> diagnosed with Alzheimer's, six were proven to have CJD at autopsy.[66] In
another study
> of brain biopsies, out of a dozen patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's
according to
> established criteria, three of them were actually dying from CJD.[67] An
informal survey
> of neuropathologists registered a suspicion that CJD accounts for 2-12% of
all dementias
> in general.[68] Two autopsy studies showed a CJD rate among dementia
deaths of about
> 3%.[69,70] A third study, at the University of Pennsylvania, showed that
5% of patients
> diagnosed with dementia had CJD.[71] Although only a few hundred cases of
sporadic
> CJD are officially reported in the U.S. annually,[72] hundreds of
thousands of Americans
> die with dementia every year.[73] Thousands of these deaths may actually
be from CJD
> caused by eating infected meat.
>
> The incubation period for human spongiform encephalopathies such as CJD
can be
> decades.[74] This means it can be years between eating infected meat and
getting
> diagnosed with the death sentence of CJD. Although only about 150 people
have so far
> been diagnosed with variant CJD worldwide, it will be many years before
the final death
> toll is known. In the United States, an unknown number of animals are
infected with Mad
> Cow disease, causing an unknown number of human deaths from CJD. The U.S.
should
> immediately begin testing all cows destined for human consumption, as is
done in Japan,
> should stop feeding slaughterhouse waste to all farm animals
> (see http://organicconsumers.org/madcow/GregerBSE.cfm), and should
immediately
> enact an active national surveillance program for CJD.[75]
>
> Five years ago this week, the Center for Food Safety, the Humane Farming
Association,
> the Center for Media & Democracy, and ten families of CJD victims
petitioned the FDA
> and the CDC to immediately enact a national CJD monitoring system,
including the
> mandatory reporting of CJD in all 50 states.[76] The petition was
denied.[77] The CDC
> argued that their passive surveillance system tracking death certificate
diagnoses was
> adequate. Their analysis of death certificates in three states and two
cities, for example,
> showed an overall stable and typical one in a million CJD incidence rate
from 1979 to
> 1993.[78] But CJD is so often misdiagnosed, and autopsies are so
infrequently done,
> that this system may not provide an accurate assessment.[79]
>
> In 1997, the CDC set up the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance
Center
> at Case Western Reserve University to analyze brain tissue from CJD
victims in the
> U.S. in hopes of tracking any new developments. In Europe, surveillance
centers have
> been seeing most, if not all, cases of CJD. The U.S. center sees less than
half. "I'm
> very unhappy with the numbers," laments Pierluigi Gambetti , the director
of the Center.
> "The British and Germans politely smile when they see we examine 30% or
40% of
> the cases," he says. "They know unless you examine 80% or more, you are
not in
> touch."[80] "The chance of losing an important case is high."[81]
>
> One problem is that many doctors don't even know the Center exists. And
neither the
> CDC nor the Center are evidently authorized to reach out to them directly
to bolster
> surveillance efforts, because it's currently up to each state individually
to determine
> how--or even whether--they will track the disease. In Europe, in contrast,
the national
> centers work directly with each affected family and their physicians.[82]
In the U.S.,
> most CJD cases--even the confirmed ones--seem to just fall through the
cracks. In fact,
> based on the autopsy studies at Yale and elsewhere, it seems most CJD
cases in the
> U.S. aren't even picked up in the first place.
>
> Autopsy rates have dropped in the U.S. from 50% in the Sixties to less
than 10% at
> present.[83] Although one reason autopsies are rarely performed on
atypical dementia
> cases is that medical professionals are afraid of catching the
disease,[84] the primary
> reason for the decline in autopsy rates in general appears to be
financial. There is
> currently no direct reimbursement to doctors or hospitals for doing
autopsies, which
> often forces the family to absorb the cost of transporting the body to an
autopsy center
> and having the brain samples taken, a tab that can run upwards of
$1500.[85]
>
> Another problem is that the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance
Center itself
> remains underfunded. Paul Brown, medical director for the National
Institutes of Health,
> has described the Center's budget as "pitiful," complaining that "there
isn't any budget
> for CJD surveillance."[86] To adequately survey America's 290 million
residents, "you
> need a lot of money." UK CJD expert Robert Will explains, "There was a CJD
meeting
> of families in America in which... [the CDC] got attacked fairly
vigorously because there
> wasn't proper surveillance. You could only do proper surveillance if you
have adequate
> resources."[87] "I compare this to the early days of AIDS," says protein
chemist Shu
> Chen, who directs the Center's lab, "when no one wanted to deal with the
crisis."[88]
>
> Andrew Kimbrell, the director of the Center for Food Safety, a D.C.-based
public
> interest group, writes, "Given what we know now, it is unconscionable that
the CDC is
> not strictly monitoring these diseases."[89] Given the presence of Mad Cow
disease in
> the U.S., we need to immediately enact uniform active CJD surveillance on
a national
> level, provide adequate funding not only for autopsies but also for the
shipment of
> bodies, and require mandatory reporting of the disease in all 50 states.
In Britain, even
> feline spongiform encephalopathy, the cat version of Mad Cow disease, is
an officially
> notifiable illness. "No one has looked for CJD systematically in the
U.S.," notes NIH
> medical director Paul Brown. "Ever."[90]
>
> The animal agriculture industries continue to risk public safety, and the
government seems
> to protect the industries' narrow business interests more than it protects
its own citizens.
> Internal USDA documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act
show that
> our government did indeed consider a number of precautionary measures as
far back as
> 1991 to protect the American public from Mad Cow disease. According to one
such
> document, however, the USDA explained that the "disadvantage" of these
measures was
> that "the cost to the livestock and rendering industries would be
substantial."[91]
>
> Plant sources of protein for farm animals can cost up to 30% more than
cattle remains.[92]
> The Cattlemen's Association admitted a decade ago that animal agribusiness
could indeed
> find economically feasible alternatives to feeding slaughterhouse waste to
other animals,
> but that the they did not want to set a precedent of being ruled by
"activists."[93]
>
> Is it a coincidence that USDA Secretary Veneman chose Dale Moore, former
chief
> lobbyist for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, as her chief of
staff?[94] Or
> Alison Harrison, former director of public relations for the Cattlemen's
Association, as
> her official spokeswoman?[95] Or that one of the new Mad Cow committee
> appointees is William Hueston, who was paid by the beef industry to
testify against
> Oprah Winfrey in hopes of convicting her of beef "disparagement"?[96]
After a similar
> conflict of interest unfolded in Britain, their entire Ministry of
Agriculture was dissolved
> and an independent Food Safety Agency was created, whose sole
responsibility is to
> protect the public's health. Until we learn from Britain's lesson, and
until the USDA
> stops treating this as a PR problem to be managed instead of a serious
global threat,
> [97] millions of Americans will remain at risk.
>
> Michael Greger, M.D., has been the Chief BSE Investigator for Farm
Sanctuary since
> 1993 and the Mad Cow Coordinator for the Organic Consumers Association
since 2001.
>
> For periodic updates on the Mad Cow crisis send a blank email to
>
>
> REFERENCES:
>
> (Full text of specific articles available by emailing
)
>
> 1 Spokesman Review. 22 September 2003
> http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/putnam92203.cfm
>
> 2 HealthDayNews. 26 September 2003
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>
> 3 Reuters. 27 December 2003
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
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>
> 73 Dementia and Normal Aging, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
>
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>
> 75 Lancet Infectious Disease. 1 August 2003.
>
> 76 http://www.mad-cow.org/jan99_petition.html#ddd
>
> 77 http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/li/CDCrspn1.html
>
> 78 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 12 April 1996: 295-303.
>
> 79 Neurology 43 (1993): A316.
>
> 80 The Wall Street Journal. 30 November 2001.
>
> 81 Beacon Journal (Akron). 5 June 2001.
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>
> 82 New York Times 30 January 2001.
>
> 83
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l
>
> 84 Altman, Lawrence K. "Four States Watching for Brain Disorder." New York
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>
> 85 http://www.medicomm.net/Consumer%20Site/tp/tp_a15.htm
>
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>
> 87 Case Western Reserve University Magazine - Summer 2001.
>
> 88 Case Western Reserve University Magazine - Summer 2001.
>
> 89 USA Today. 7 January 1999.
>
> 90 Philip Yam. The Pathological Protein: Mad Cow, Chronic Wasting, and
Other Deadly
> Prion Diseases. New York: Springer-Verlag Press, 2003
>
> 91 Rampton, S and J. Stauber. Mad Cow USA: Could the Nightmare Happen
Here?
> Common Courage Press; (September 1997):149-50. Full text available free
online at
> http://prwatch.org/books/madcow.html
>
> 92 Food Chemical News 25 March 1996: 30.
>
> 93 Food Chemical News 5 July 1993: 57-59.
>
> 94 http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/5884855.htm
>
> 95 http://organicconsumers.org/madcow/usda1204.cfm
>
> 96 http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1998Q1/oprah.html
>
> 97 "World Health Organization says BSE is a major threat"
> http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/BSE7601.cfm
>
> http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0107-07.htm
>
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