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Vegetarianism & Life Expectancy
Hello:
I thought you all might find the following passage from the book "Fasting and Eating for Health" (ISBN: 031218719X / http://tinyurl.com/wx6zx ) by Joel Fuhrman, M.D., interesting. It involves studies of Seventh-Day Adventists, a group that is often studied because they are disproportionately vegetarian (when compared with the general American population). (Incidentally, I'm not a Seventh-Day Adventist myself -- my life's philosophy is much closer to Buddhism - Vedanta - Quakerism, etc.) This passage starts on page 74: ===== Begin quoted passage ===== Many mortality studies have been done on the Seventh-Day Adventists ..... They are prohibited from using tobacco, alcohol, and pork, and are discouraged from consuming meats, fish, eggs, and caffeine-containing beverages. Because the latter items are only discouraged and not prohibited, there is a wide range of consumption of these items. .... If we look at multiple scientific investigations done on this group, we find the following: 1. As a whole, male Adventists live an average of 8.9 years longer than the rest of (nonsmoking) America, and Adventist women 7.5 years longer (this includes both vegetarian and nonvegetarian Adventists). Vegetarian Adventists live the longest in proportion to the time they had been on a vegetarian diet. [note 22] If we extrapolate the results to include those on a vegetarian diet for more than half of their lives, more than 13 years [!!!!] are added to the life span, compared to the nonsmoking American. 2. Egg and meat consumption is strongly associated with all causes of mortality. Dairy product and milk consumption is associated with prostate cancer. The earlier in life that Adventists became vegetarians, the lower their risk of coronary heart disease. [note 23] These findings are consistent with the findings of numerous epidemiologic investigations, including those done on dairy products and their relation to prostate cancer. [note 24] 3. All-cause mortality shows a significant negative association with green salad consumption, meaning the more leafy green vegetables consumed in the diet, the longer the life span. [note 25] This confirms the importance of raw, natural plant foods, the loss of important factors with cooking, and the protective effect of all the health-giving nutrients they contain. The conclusion one must make is that animal food consumption is more of a risk factor for an early death than even cigarette smoking. [!!!!] Of course, I am strongly against smoking, but a smoking, lifetime vegetarian probably has a better chance to reach 75 years of age than a nonsmoking, lifetime meat eater.... ===== End quoted passage ===== Notes from the passage quoted: [note 22]: Ruckner C, Hoffman J. "The Seventh-Day Adventist Diet." New York: Random House, 1991. [note 23]: Snowdon DA. Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-Day Adventists. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1988; 48: 739-48. [note 24]: Rotkin ID. Studies in the epidemiology of prostate cancer: Expanded sampling. Cancer Treatment Reports 1977;61:173-80. [note 25]: Kahn, HA, Phillips RL, Snowdon DA, Choi W. Association between reported diet and all causes of mortality: twenty-one-year followup on 27,530 adult Seventh-Day Adventists. American Journal of Epidemiology 1984:119:775-87. ===== [Back to me]: Of course, these conclusions are only as sound as the underlying studies that suggest them. Many studies have supported the correlation of vegetarianism and longer life expectancy, but correlation can easily masquerade as CAUSATION, and this is one of the trickiest fallacies to avoid, even for experienced scientists (and philosophers -- who really should know better!) Correlation or causation, I plan to remain in the vegetarian camp as more studies roll in (primarily for ethical reasons, but also for health). Cheers! (By the way, please feel free to share this message with friends or acquaintances who might find it interesting.) -- Brett http://www.100bestwebsites.org/ "The 100 finest sites on the Web, all in one place!" Widely-watched non-profit ranking of top Internet sites |
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